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Lionel Thomas Caswall Rolt (usually abbreviated to Tom Rolt or L. T. C. Rolt) (11 February 1910 – 9 May 1974〔his death was recorded in ''The Times'' No 59086, 11 May 1974〕) was a prolific English writer and the biographer of major civil engineering figures including Isambard Kingdom Brunel and Thomas Telford. He is also regarded as one of the pioneers of the leisure cruising industry on Britain's inland waterways, and as an enthusiast for both vintage cars and heritage railways. ==Biography== Tom Rolt was born in Chester to a line of Rolts "dedicated to hunting and procreation". His father Lionel had settled back in England in Hay-on-Wye after working on a cattle station in Australia, a plantation in India, and joining (unsuccessfully) in the Yukon gold rush of 1898. However Lionel Rolt lost most of his money in 1920 after investing his capital in a company which failed, and the family moved to a pair of stone cottages in Stanley Pontlarge in Gloucestershire. Rolt studied at Cheltenham College and at 16 he took a job learning about steam traction, before starting an apprenticeship at the Kerr Stuart locomotive works in Stoke-on-Trent, where his uncle, Kyrle Willans was chief development engineer. His uncle bought a wooden horse-drawn narrow flyboat called ''Cressy'' and fitted it with a steam engine. Then (having discovered the steam made steering through tunnels impossible) he replaced that with a Ford Model T engine. This was Rolt's introduction to the canal system. In the thirties depression Rolt became jobless and turned to vintage sports cars, taking part in the veteran run to Brighton, and acquiring a succession of cars including a 1924 Alvis 12/50 two seater 'ducks back' which he was to keep for the rest of his life.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Vehicles of all descriptions welcome )It is now in the National Railway Museum at Shildon〕 Rolt bought into a motor garage partnership next to the Phoenix public house in Hartley Wintney in Hampshire (their breakdown vehicle was an adapted 1911 Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost) and together with the landlord of the Phoenix, Tim Carson, and others, formed the Vintage Sports-Car Club in 1934. He also founded and helped create the Prescott hill climb. His 1950 book ''Horseless Carriage'' contains a diatribe against the emergence of mass production in the English car industry, claiming that "mass production methods must develop towards the ultimate end (automatic procreation of machines by machines ), although by doing so, they involve either the supersession of men by machines or a continual expansion of production". His preference for traditional craftsmanship helps to explain his subsequent career. In 1936, Kyrle Willans bought back ''Cressy'', which he had earlier sold, and several trips on the waterways convinced Rolt that he wanted a life afloat. He persuaded Angela Orred to join him in this idyll. She was a young blonde in a white polo-necked sweater, who had swept into his garage in an Alfa Romeo in 1937 and been caught up in the vintage car scene. Rolt bought ''Cressy'' from his uncle and set about converting her into a boat that could be lived on, the most notable addition being a bath. By the summer of 1939 Rolt and Angela decided to defy her father's reluctance and married in secret on 11 July. Work on ''Cressy'' was completed at Tooley's Boatyard in Banbury, and on 27 July Rolt and his wife set off up the Oxford Canal. But the Second World War intervened and Rolt, a pacifist at heart, immediately signed up at the Rolls-Royce factory at Crewe, working on the production line for the Spitfire's Merlin engine. He was saved from the tedium of the production line by the offer of a job in an Aldbourne foundry. The Rolts battled south in ''Cressy'' through storms, reaching Banbury a day before the canals were finally frozen over for the winter. The following March they negotiated the River Thames in flood and battled up the River Kennet to reach Hungerford where Rolt worked for more than a year. The Rolts' first four-month cruise became a book which Rolt initially called ''Painted Ship''. Despite sending the manuscript to many publishers, he had to put it aside, as it was felt that there was no market for books about canals. It wasn't until a magazine article he wrote came to the attention of the countryside writer H. J. Massingham that Rolt had the break which led to the book's finally being published, in December 1944, under the title ''Narrow Boat''. It was an immediate success both with critics and public, with fan mail arriving at the Rolts' boat at Tardebigge where they were then moored. Two of the letters Rolt received were from Robert Aickman and Charles Hadfield who were both to figure prominently in the next phase of his life, that of a campaigner. He invited Aickman and his wife Ray to join them on ''Cressy'' and Aickman later described that trip as "the best time I have ever spent on the waterways". It was on this voyage they decided to form an organisation that a few weeks later, in May 1946, at Robert's London flat, was named the Inland Waterways Association, with Aickman as chairman, Hadfield as vice-chairman and Rolt as secretary. This was a critical period for the waterways, which were nationalised in 1947 and faced an uncertain future. The traditional life which Rolt had so movingly described was faced with extinction. He pioneered direct action on the Stratford-upon-Avon Canal which stopped British Waterways from closing it, organised a hugely successful Inland Waterways Exhibition, which started in London but toured the country, and proposed the first boat rally at Market Harborough. Aickman, who had a private income, was working full-time on the campaign, whilst Rolt, who had only his writing to support him, and was still living aboard ''Cressy'', struggled to meet all his commitments. Eventually he fell out with Aickman over the latter's insistence that every mile of canal should be saved, and in early 1951 Rolt was expelled from the organisation he had inspired. By this time also he had decided to bring his life on ''Cressy'' to an end and return to his family home in Stanley Pontlarge. Angela departed to continue the mobile life, joining Billy Smart's Circus. A letter Rolt had sent to the ''Birmingham Post'' in 1950 resulted in the formation of the Talyllyn Railway Preservation Society, and he now threw himself into that, becoming chairman of the company which operated the railway as a tourist attraction. "By the time the fateful letter terminating his IWA membership arrived, he was already busy issuing and stamping passengers' tickets from the little station in Towyn". His time at Talyllyn gave rise to the 1953 book ''Railway Adventure'', which was the basis of the popular Ealing comedy film ''The Titfield Thunderbolt''. Rolt married again, to Sonia Smith, a former actress. During the war she had become one of the amateur boat-women who worked the canals and had married a boatman. She had been on the council of the IWA. They had two sons, Tim and Dick, and continued to live in Stanley Pontlarge till Rolt's death in 1974. The fifties were Rolt's most prolific time as an author. His best-known works were biographies of Isambard Kingdom Brunel, which stimulated a revival of interest in a forgotten hero,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Local Heroes )〕〔In 1958, Rolt gave the first Brunel lecture in the newly renamed Brunel College of Technology, later to become Brunel University (【引用サイトリンク】title=The First Brunel Lecture )〕 George and Robert Stephenson, and Telford. His classic study of historic railway accidents, ''Red for Danger'', became a text book for numerous engineering courses. Rolt produced many works about subjects that had not previously been considered the stuff of literature, such as civil engineering, canals and railways. In his later years he produced three volumes of autobiography, only one of which was published during his lifetime. Rolt also published ''Sleep No More'' (1948) a collection of supernatural horror stories featuring ghosts, possession and atavism. These were modelled after the work of M. R. James, but used industrial settings such as railways instead of James' "antiquarian" settings.〔〔Neil Wilson, ''Shadows in the Attic: A Guide to British supernatural fiction, 1820-1950'' British Library, London, 2000. ISBN 0712310746. (p.433-4)〕 ''The Penguin Encyclopedia of Horror and the Supernatural'' described ''Sleep No More'' as "An exceptionally original collection of ghost stories ... Rolt had the special talent of combining folkloric spontaneity with artful sophistication."〔Jack Sullivan , ''The Penguin Encyclopedia of Horror and The Supernatural''. New York, Viking, 1986. ISBN 0670809020 (p. 355).〕 Several of Rolt's stories were anthologised; they were also adapted as radio dramas.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「L. T. C. Rolt」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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